The Sixth Sense Essays - Sensory Systems, Olfaction, Perception

The Sixth Sense If I could see her as a picture of pure beauty, it would be an image of a thousand thoughts. If I could hear her as the sound of a beautiful bird, I would hear the most extravagant voice in the concrete world. If I could smell her the way I smelt a rose, I would smell the fresh scent of a million flowers. If I could taste her like I tasted a cherry lollipop. it would be a sensation I would never forget. If I could touch her the way she touched my heart, it would be as though I was walking on thin air. If only she had the sixth sense ...undying passion. Bibliography none

Introduction to Craigslist Essay example

Introduction to Craigslist Essay example Introduction to Craigslist Essay example Outline Introduction: How is IOS (I Phone) publicized? * flooded twitter, Facebook timelines, YouTube, and many other sites all over the web * Everybody has their set beliefs and opinions on which phone is better. * Android VS I Phone Presentation Aid. * Personally, I think the Android is the better phone for many reasons and you don’t have to agree with me but I will definitely give all of you something new to think about. * Cool android * The Android is affordable, durable, has variety as well as flexibility, and so many customizing features and apps that makes the device â€Å"cool.† Excite audience emotion (Body): * Price: Android is a much better choice than the iPhone when it comes down to price. * Android phones range anywhere from 100 to 600 dollars. In contrast the cheapest iPhone is the IPhone 3G which costs anywhere from 399 and the latest IPhone 5 is 700 dollars * Reliability: * They are many who agree with me when I say that most Android phones don’t break easily. I personally have dropped my Android phone over twenty times on concrete as well as tile and my phone isn’t broken or even scratched. * Most Buyers don’t want to spend hard earned money on a device that doesn’t last or can’t be used long-term. * variety of options: * Since Android phones are made by a variety of manufacturers, buyers have a variety of options when choosing a device. Android phones come in many different sizes and colors; they also have different special features. * Variety of options choosing an Android phone * with a slide-out keyboard, * A mounted keyboard, or * No keyboard at all. * Buyers also have the option of choosing between different screen sizes and screen resolutions as well. On

The Doctrine of Privity of Contract and the Impact of the Contracts Essay

The Doctrine of Privity of Contract and the Impact of the Contracts Act 1999 - Essay Example 121, 1991) the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 which essentially modified the doctrine of privity of contract and confers upon third parties a limited right of action relative to a contract which confers upon the third party a benefit. Ultimately a third party may enforce a term or condition of a contract if the contract â€Å"expressly† makes provision for the right of the third party to enforce a term of the contract.5 Secondly, a third party may enforce a contractual term if the term â€Å"purports to confer a benefit† on that third party.6 It is assumed that once parties to a contract confer on a third party a benefit under a contract, the contracting parties intend that the third party may enforce the term creating the relevant benefit.7 In Nisshin Shipping Co. Ltd. v Cleaves & Co. Ltd. it was held that the assumption that parties to a contract intend that a third party with a benefit under the contract can enforce the term creating the benefit can onl y be rebutted by substantial evidence to the contrary.8 In other words there must be proof that the contracting parties did not intend that the third party have enforceable rights under the contract. Otherwise the third party must be identified either expressly or by description in the body of the contract in order to get around the doctrine of privity of contract.9 Essay question – restraint of trade – employees and sale of business. Restraint of trade clauses in contracts of employment are intended by employers to safeguard against competition from former employees.10 Similarly, upon the sale of a business, a contract for the sale of the business may contain a covenant in which the vendor covenants not to engage in a business area for a prescribed period in order to safeguard against the deterioration of goodwill purchased by the purchaser.11 When a business is sold or transferred to another party, an existing restraint of trade agreement impacting an employee surviv es the transfer of the business.12 Like employment covenants for the restraint of trade13a covenant for the restraint of trade under an agreement for the sale of a business will be generally upheld when the restraint of trade covenant is reasonable.14 It was held in Dairy Crest Ltd. v Pigott that an employer may only enforce an agreement in restraint of trade for preventing unfair competition as opposed to competition altogether.15 Ultimately, the restraint of trade clause in a contract of employment or in the sale of transfer of a business must be reasonable in that it must be for the purpose of protecting a legitimate interest. For instance it would not be unreasonable for an employer or a purchaser to want to protect trade secrets or confidential information relevant to trade.16 In Danaway, Day & Co. Ltd. v De Braconier D’

Comprehensive Question (Communication Theory) Essay

Comprehensive Question (Communication Theory) - Essay Example e present text looks at the accepted standards of a good theory such as validity, theological scope, franchise and heuristic value to value the symbolic interactionism theory. It also dwells on criticisms leveled against the theory. The theories contemporary application has been discussed in detail. The text also entails Em Griffin’s take on the communication theory and its relevance. He pays tribute to Herbart Mead who was a leading theorist. People act towards things based on the meanings they attach to those things. Different things have different meanings to different people. People derive meanings from social interactions and are modified through various interpretations. Social interaction is the process by which people act and react to other people in their environment. In this perspective, social interaction encompasses the actions of people towards others and the responses they get in return. Symbolic Interactionism theory meets most of the accepted standards of a good theory despite its criticisms. Em Griffin posited that most communication theorists used Mead’s intellectual guidelines to develop their theories (Griffin, 2011). George Herbert Mead was a pioneer in the development of the communication theory. Whereas the Symbolic Interactionism theory face criticisms across time and place, it is critical to evaluate it based on standards and show its applications in the contemporary world. Symbolic Interactionism studies how people interact with each other owing to their adaptive social behavior. In this perspective, social structures are best understood in relation to basic level of individual interactions. Charles Horton Cooley in collaboration with George Herbert Mead came up with the theory (Turner, 2006). According to this theory, the meaning and worth of objects, occurrences and behaviors come from people’s interpretations, which vary from one group to another. Cooley argues that people adapt the way they think about themselves based on how

Breast Tumor Classification Using FFT based Fractal Analysis

Breast Tumor Classification Using FFT based Fractal Analysis B.MONICA JENEFER V.CYRILRAJ Abstract Breast cancer is formed by abnormal cells, it causes fast death among human and it is shapeless. The growth of the cancer is also fast and it should be removed from the earlier stage itself. In this study, we have introduced and implemented an FFT based fractal model to analyze the breast tumor and classify it as benign or malignant according to their shapes. The benign and malignant are different in contour and shape where benign have a smooth contour and macrolobulated shapes and malignant have rough contour and irregular shapes. In this study, the contours are classified using fractal based Fourier transform method. The magnitude and frequency based features are utilized for classification. This approach achieved 92% of accuracy in tumor classification using fractal based fourier transform. Keywords: Fractal Analysis, Breast Cancer, Background study A fractal is a mathematical object representing a fractional dimension [1] where fractal geometry is vocabulary of irregular shapes.Due to uncontrolled growth of the bad cells, breast cancer occurs in breast tissue [2]. Fractal analysis helps the clinical experts for pre-screening the breast cancer in earlier stage itself. Various shape based object detection and classification can be obtained mostly using the bounding box method in digital image processing. Since, the shape of the breast cancer has been irregular and it cannot be obtained by bounding method [3]. Malignancy associated changes in the breast cells are discussed for computing the distance between the tumor cells and non-tumor cells is an effective method for screening breast cancer [4, 5]. The main symptoms of breast cancer are increasing DNFA –[De Novo Fatty Acid] and cholesterol synthesis where it related to tumor growth and poorer prognosis [6, 7].Present studies are discussing about fractal geometry to genera te a sampling model for tumor appearance and its impacts. According to the wonderful growth of present researches in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer, most of the medical diagnosis is done by examining visual objects for radiological images, direct observation of tissues and microscopy of biopsy specimens and so on [1].These fractal model analyses are used to classify abnormality of medical images due to the structure or high indices of mitosis. This modeling method is one of the reproducible methods which helps to analyze the medical images with computational tools. Also fractal analysis is a morphometric measure of the shapeless structure of tumor growth.Various comprehensive reviews used and discussed mathematical models for medical image diagnosis, especially in pathology is currently appearing in the literature [8-16]. From the digital mammogram image, the shape of the benign tumor is round and smooth, but the shape of the malignant tumor is irregular and roughly bounded. This main difference is utilized to categorize the benign tumor and malignant tumor. The following Figure-1 depicts the morphological spectrum of the breast masses frequently seen in digital mammograms. Figure-1:(a). Round Benign (b). Lobulated benign (c). Malignant (d). Malignant Proposed Model Most of the medical image processing applications used fractal analysis and which is focused in various researches on the digital mammograms. In this study, it is experimenting using the FFT based fractal analysis and classifying the breast lesions. The complete flow of this study is depicted in Figure-2. Figure-2: Overall Flow of the Proposed Approach The structure of this study is described as given below, section-III discussed about the hybrid filter and its applications. Section-IV discussed about the basic information about the fractal analysis method. Section-V described about Fractals based or Fourier Transform method. Section-VI described about our experiment and results. Section-VI provides the conclusion about this study and suggestion for further enhancement work. Hybrid Filter The hybrid filter combines morphological filter with the Gabor filter for removing the noise from the mammogram image to improve the quality of the image. Morphological filter is a non-linear filter work based on the set theory rules and Gaussian filter is a linear filter work based on vectors and both are used to remove noise.The main motto of this hybrid filter is to completely remove various noises occur under different conditions in the image, to improve the performance of the proposed approach. Morphological filter can remove the noise on the contour of the image and Gabor filter remove the noise in the inside of the image. Morphological filter utilized various morphological transform using different structuring elements. In this study also, different morphological transform is tested while experimenting to improve the appearance of the contour. The morphological functions are defined as: (1) Where denotes the opening operation and denotes the dilation and denotes the morphological erosion operation. Device’s mechanism introduced two kinds of noise such as coherence and no-coherence noise. The Gaussian noise is represented by statistical noise, having a probability density function, which is called as a Gaussian distribution. The original pixel value in the image is changed from its inventive value by a minute amount in the Gaussian noise. Due to the central bound theorem, Gaussian distribution is generally can provide a good quality representation. The probability density function of a Gaussian random variable is given by: (2) Alternatively, a process is Gaussian if and only if for every finite set of indices in the index set (3) It is a multivariate Gaussian random variable. The Gaussian property can be formulated by using the features functions of random variables as:, such that (4) The hybrid filter can effectively remove all the noise in the mammogram image which can provide more accuracy in classification. Fractal Analysis There are various fractal analysis techniques are existing but most of the techniques follow power law basics. In the exisiting work [17], tumor growth was studied with the help of a model which says that the tumor is a rising tissues. Mathematical model and numerical simulations of this model were examined to obtain the macroscopic dynamics of the tumor growth. It experimented and well known that the growth of the tumor is proportional to the time [17] suggested from power law. It is also can be simulated using a one-dimensional (1D) CA model, shows the linear growth of the entire cells. From this, it is observed that in both the 1D and 2D cases, tumor diameter grows linearly according in terms of time.The dimension of the fractal model is estimated using various techniques such as sandboxes, bounding-box, Fourier spectrum and so on. When applying these techniques, the scaling relationships of the cells are obtained according to a power law relationship. The basic geometric objects can be understood by the Euclidean objects as lines, planes and circles. All the objects do not resemble the Euclidean objects. By utilizing the fractal geometry, it is easy to create models for nature objects and which can provide a better definition in various conditions. Mandelbrot [9] introduced the first fractal theory. The unique difference among the Euclidean and fractal geometry is the self similarity denoting by un-uniform scaling. The variance of the shape of the objects continuously varying in increasing or decreasing the size of the objects. It is clear that one of the problems in scaling is texture, and describing the texture also depends on scaling. Hence, this problem can be overcome by the fractal geometry of texture. The definition of Hausdroff-Besicovitch of the fractal dimension is described using the following equation (5). (5) Where is the self similar pieces 1/r is the magnificent factor. Since, the fractal dimension indicates the surface roughness, people always use the texture as fine, coarse, gained and smooth etc. Mostly the fractal dimension of an image can be estimated by the bounding-box, fractal Brownian motion and fractal interpolation method. In this study, the fractal of filtered contour of the breast tumors are analyzed and tested using FFT based methods. Fractal based Fourier Transform In this study, it is adopted that Fourier fractal methodology is used for classifying the tumors. The filtered contour is taken and fed as input for testing. The growth of the tumor is randomness and it is in certain degrees, complex irregular in shape. So that, the fractal analysis can give a good measure in order to measure the complex patterns than the traditional Euclidean geometry. In this study, the fractal dimension is measures using Fourier transform method. In our experiment the radical magnitude accusations are calculated and plot in the form of log-log magnitude plot for classifying the tumors. From the centroid to all directions, the magnitude variation is measured to compute the magnitude accumulation testing. The Fourier transforms and phase angle calculations are obtained using Equations (3) and 4) respectively. The filtered contour is defined in X-axis with M – mean value and it can be implemented as: (6) (7) In this study, the fractal dimension of the breast tumor is calculated according to the average slop variations of log-log magnitude plot. Also the log-log plot can be drawn among the magnitude accumulation in entire radial components and number radial components of the respective input images. The accurate and absolute values of average variations are more for malignant tumor than the benign tumors. Experiment and Results To experiment Fractal based fourier transform analysis method the matlab software is choosen to implement, due to its capability in image processing. In this study, it is considered that some of the available contours are the input for the experiment. For pre-processing the image, to remove, the higher order frequency components are taken as artifacts, the input contours are applied into hybrid filters. The result of the hybrid filter is separated into small segments with dissimilar radius length by dividing the contour uniformly in all directions. In our experiment, the contour is divided into 24 equal parts. Then the fractal dimension method using FFT is applied to extract shape variables in each segment. In our experiment, five contours are considered as the input, at five, three contours are the type of malignancy and the remaining contours belongs to the type of benign. The following Table-1 depicts the log-log magnitude plot and absolute values of the slop variations in terms of respective contour. After filtering the input contour it is divided into 24 segments in all the directions with equal radial distance and then the magnitude variation of all the directions is counted and accumulated for all the radial components. It is well known that the malignant tumor has more variations than the benign tumors. According to the accumulations of the magnitude variations the malignant tumors are having more variations than the benign masses. The fractal dimension is calculated using the log-log plot drawing method between the accumulations of magnitude variations and the number of radial components. The absolute value [a threshold value used for decision making] is drawn in the log-log plot to compute the average variation of the magnitude. To provide difference the slop, the colors used to plot are different. The absolute value of the average slop variation according to the threshold is used to classify the tumors. In this experiment, a threshold value is used for decision making, for tumor classification. The absolute value of the average slop difference is high for malignant and for the same value it is less for benign. From this scenario, it is observed that, the variations of magnitude accumulations in terms of number of radius are more for malignant tumor and small for a benign tumor. Table-1: Fractal Analysis based on FFT Tumor classification In most of the cases the average slope values are greater than the threshold values for our test images used in the experiment. Originally the test image 1 is the benign and the other images are the malignant images. Generally Image 4 is malignant image, but according to the average slop variations and threshold values it is defined as benign. In this paper, we experiment with 25 images[ but in table-1 only five images and their results are displayed]. Out of 25 it correctly classifies 23 images. From this experiment 92% of success rate. Conclusion and Future Enhancement The FFT based fractal analysis method is easy to implement and classify the tumors based on the shape of the tumors. In this study, from the experiment, FFT based fractal analysis method achieved 92% of the classification accuracy. Since this study can provide better results than the existing approaches. The accuracy can be improved in the future enhancement of this study. FFT based fractal analysis is one of the easiest methods and best software for doctors to prescribing the tumor and understand the tumor shapes accurately and fast. References [1].James W. Baish and Rakesh K. Jain, â€Å"Fractals and Cancer†, American Association for Cancer Research -2000. [2]. Breast cancer facts and figures http://www.breastcancer.org/. [3]. Syed Abdaheer.M and Ekram Khan, â€Å"Shape Based Classification Of Breast Tumors Using Fractal Analysis†, IEEE-2009. [4] Us-Krasovec M, Erzen J, Zganec M et. Al, â€Å"Malignancy associated changes in epithelial cells of buccal mucosa: a potential cancer detection test†, Anal Quant Cytol Histol. 27(5): 254-62, Oct. 2005. [5] Andrushkiw R.I., Boroday N.V., Klyushin D.A., â€Å"Petunin Yu.A. Computer-aided cytogenetic method of cancer diagnosis†, New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2007. [6]. Pelton K, Freeman MR, Solomon KR, â€Å"Cholesterol and prostate cancer†, Curr Opin Pharmacol 12: 751 – 759-2012. [7]. Zadra G, Photopoulos C, Loda M, â€Å"The fat side of prostate cancer†, Biochim Biophys Acta 1831: 1518 – 1532-2013. [8]. Ramis-Conde I, Drasdo D, Anderson AR, Chaplain MA, â€Å"Modeling the inuence of the e-cadherin-beta-catenin pathway in cancer cell invasion: a multiscale approach†, Biophys J 1: 155–165-2008. [9]. Rietman EA, Friesen DE, Hahnfeldt P, Gatenby R, Hlatky L, et al, â€Å"An integrated multidisciplinary model describing initiation of cancer and the warburg hypothesis†, Theor Biol Med Model 10-2010. [10]. Gillies RJ, Verduzco D, Gatenby RA, â€Å"Evolutionary dynamics of carcinogenesis and why targeted therapy does not work†, Nat Rev Cancer 12: 2012. [11]. Preziosi L, Vitale G, â€Å"A multiphase model of tumor and tissue growth including cell adhesion and plastic reorganization†, Math Models Methods Appl 21: 1901–32-2011. [12]. Bellomo N, Delitala M, â€Å"From the mathematical kinetic, and stochastic game theory to modelling mutations, onset, progression and immune competition of cancer cells†, Physics of Life Reviews 5: 183–206-2008. [13]. Anderson AR, Quaranta V, â€Å"Integrative mathematical oncology†, Nat Rev Cancer 8: 227–34-2008. [14]. Anderson AR, Weaver AM, Cummings PT, Quaranta V, â€Å"Tumor morphology and phenotypic evolution driven by selective pressure from the microenvironment†, Cell 127: 905–15-2008 [15]. Agur Z, Vuk-Pavlovic ´ S, â€Å"Mathematical modeling in immunotherapy of cancer: personalizing clinical trials†, Mol Ther 20: 2012. [16]. Silva AS, Gatenby RA,†A theoretical quantitative model for evolution of cancer chemotherapy resistance†, Biol Direct 5-2010. [17]. Vainstein, V., Kirnasovsky, O.U., Kogan, Y., Agur, Z.: â€Å"Strategies for cancer stem cell elimination: Insights from mathematical modeling†. J. Theor. Biol. 298, 32-41 (2012).

Truancy: A Symptom of a Larger Problem Essay -- mental health, justic

The movie, Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, is the epitome of adolescent rebellion and independence – the benchmark of free-spirited insubordination that lies in the heart of all teenagers. Sure, the movie depicts skipping school as nothing more than a harmless and fun pastime, something that is enjoyable due in large part to its riskiness. But essentially, it documents the day of a truant. A truant whose wild antics entertain, but a truant nonetheless. Like most things, Hollywood’s characterization of adolescent truancy is incorrect, not just in the sense that most kids will not be singing in parades whilst cutting class. It downplays the rather serious nature of chronic absences that permeates all levels of society. Adolescent rebellion and the need to distance away from authority figures and find ones’ own individuality is a normal part of growing up and the developmental process (Steinberg, 1987). However, problems arise when this distinctive need manifests itself in overtly negative activities. Whether it be experimenting with drugs and alcohol or skipping out on class, the undercurrent of teenage self-exploration is present. Going back to the point of truancy, this need, coupled with boredom and peer pressure, can increase the occurrence of absenteeism. Nevertheless, a number of other factors do play a significant role. Chronic absenteeism is often a symptom of larger problems than teen rebellion. Bullying, family issues, financial difficulties, drug use, and lack of academic skills are only some of the potential causes of truancy within the United States (Reid, 2012). And while schools across the country continue desperately to try and mitigate truancy, it seems to be on the rise; in 2012, data indicated that up to 15 percent... ...tiative. Crime & Delinquency, 214-234. National Institute of Mental Health . (2011). The Teen Brain: Still Under Construction . Besthesda : U.S. Department of Health and HUman Services . Prevention, O. o. (1996). Truancy: First Step to a Lifetime of Problems . Washington : U.S. Department of Justice . Reid, K. (2012). The causes, views and traits of school absenteeism and truancy: An analytical review. Research in Education, 59-82. Statistics, B. (2010). Bullying Statistics 2010. Retrieved from Bullying Statistics: http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/bullying-statistics-2010.html Steinberg, L. D. (1987). Family processes at adolescence: A developmental perspective. Family Therapy, 77-86. Zik, M. (2009). The Effects of Participation in Contingent Music Experiences on Truancy Rates of Junior High School Students . Dayton : University of Dayton.

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Essay

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born April 5, 1947) is a Filipino politician who served as the14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member of the House of Representativesrepresenting the 2nd District of Pampanga. She was the country’s second female president (after Corazà ³n Aquino), and the daughter of former President Diosdado Macapagal. Arroyo was a former professor of economics at Ateneo de Manila University where Benigno Aquino III was one of her students. She entered government in 1987, serving as assistant secretary and undersecretary of the Department of Trade and Industry upon the invitation of President Corazon Aquino. After serving as a senator from 1992 to 1998, she was elected to the vice presidency under President Joseph Estrada, despite having run on an opposing ticket. After Estrada was accused of corruption, she resigned her cabinet position asSecretary of Social Welfare and Development and joined the growing opposition to the president, who faced impeachment. Estrada was soon forced from office by the EDSA Revolution of 2001, and Arroyo was sworn into the presidency by Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. on January 20, 2001. She was elected to a full six-year presidential term in the controversial May 2004 Philippine elections, and was sworn in on June 30, 2004. Following her presidency she was elected to the House of Representatives, making her the second Philippine president—after Josà © P. Laurel—to pursue a lower office after their presidency. On November 18, 2011, Arroyo was arrested following the filing of criminal charges against her for electoral fraud. As of December 9, 2011, she is incarcerated at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City under charges of electoral sabotage.