The History of Computers :: Computers Technology Essays

The History of Computers Computers have been around for quite some time and were developed over many years with contributions from philosophers, inventors, engineers, mathematicians, physicists, technicians, visionaries, and scholars. The first count onrs were calculating machines and over time evolved into the digital computers as we k straight off them today. It has taken over 180 years for the computer to develop from an idea in Charles Babbage head into an certain computer developed today by many different companies. Therefore, it was a long and tedious path in order to make the computer into what we now use today. Before computers, people had to do calculations using such tools as a Chinese abacus or a slide rule to work fall out problems by hand. One day in 1821, Charles Babbage decided that he didn feel like working out tedious mathematics problems anymore and wanted to compute numbers using what he called a machine with steam(Palfreman and Swade 16). For the next ten or so years Babbage worked on designing the Difference Engine, however it was never built as it would have weighed several tons and taken entirely too many parts to put together. A few years later, Babbage came up with the Analytical Engine, which he designed to do arithmetic operations. This machine was programmable and the information was stored on punch cards (Palfreman and Swade 20). Charles Babbage never did get to build one of his machines, however, his watchword Henry Babbage built a machine, which was based on his father ideas. The next step in the development of computers was commercial machines. In the early 1820, Thomas de Colmar came up with the first successful commercial calculator, called the arithmometer, and it was able to perform the four basic arithmetic functions (Palfreman and Swade 22). The next progression of computers came in 1896, when the U.S. Census Bureau could not glide by up with the reading and organizing of their surveys. Herman Hollerith invented the electric tabulating system, which could read the data in coded punched cards (Palfreman and Swade 24). During, the 1930, there were two main sub-divisions in the computer world, the calculator industry and the subprogram machine industry.

Killer Angels Essays -- essays research papers

The novel The Killer Angles, by Michael Shaara, gives a story like depiction of the American civilian War at the Battle of Gettysburg. In this novel we see the views of both Confederate and Union armies. The officers for both sides in this novel used to go to contend with each other but are now on different sides according to their political views. In the end both armies realized the war had gross(a) nothing but all the deaths of soldiers. During the novel, the armies are going to war against their opponents and not necessarily their enemies.Despite the fact that the Confederate and Union armies were entirely concerned with defeating their opponent, many time they were fighting against relatives and friends. For instance, General Armistead says, "...will you tell General Hancock how ...

Language in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay -- essays research papers

This essay will attempt to find out the type of language that Shakespeare has used to portray the hatred and utter anguish Prospero evidently has over Caliban. The bully number of offensive dialogue during the argumentative conversation amongst Caliban and Prospero will be commented on. During the conversation, many ill-disguised remarks of contempt are do by all three characters. This will be analysed further and the reasons and consequences of the exchange will be described. There are a great number of reasons for why Prospero and Caliban are not by any means on respectful terms, and the factors that have lead to this occurrence will be expressed in launch to explain the spiteful nature of Prospero in particular. In the play The Tempest, Prospero and Caliban are portrayed as two completely opposite characters with contradictory and contact views. Prospero, who was the rightful heir to become duke of Milan before being cast away and the deformed slave Caliban are symbolic of opposite extremes, particularly in their roles in society and hierarchy. Prospero is a natural leader and is intellectually disciplined, while Caliban not only does not behave in this kind of manner, he seems to completely house against it and ignore any order and is capable of all ill according to Prospero. Calibans careless, unethical nature, and being born as part of a unsavoury race is an immediately apparent reason for Prosperos hatred of him. Shakespeare quickly portrays the two characters as of clashing personalities during the passage, show uping Prospero as a person who emphasizes genial lustre and class and uses his great intellect to only give others what he thinks they deserve. While Caliban is illustrated as an animalistic character, wi... ...can show his true contempt. In conclusion, the language Shakespeare uses to depict the hatred Prospero has for Caliban emphasises the separate backgrounds and values they share and the lack of understanding they have for o ne another. The fact that Prospero is heir to being duke of Milan and Caliban is the product of an unholy passion between the witch Sycorax and the devil, suggest opposing themes of backgrounds and therefore they share contradictory views of each others heritage and conduct. Therefore they stand against what the other values, causing a clash. The reader whitethorn feel that Prosperos contempt of Caliban is within reason, due to his attempted violation of Miranda, and the fact that Prospero has been hurt and betrayed by many in the past, and therefore has a great amount of vengeance he can share out due to the attachment he has with his fiery emotions.

Democracy and Transportation in America :: Politics Political Research Papers

Democracy and Transportation in AmericaIn 1952, Charles E. Wilson resigned as hot seat of GM to become Secretary of Defense. At the confirmation he was asked if he could make a decision in the interest of the nation if it were adverse to GM. Yes sir, I could, Wilson said. I cannot conceive of one, because for years I thought what was good for our country was good for General Motors and vice versa. The difference does not exist.1 Yet his GM is accused of undermining the American transportation infrastructure and destroying a vi able, superior streetcar network in order to sell more cars. Regardless of the validity of this conspiracy theory, the fact remains that America destroyed vast mass transit networks to make way for private and public automotive transportation. The question of whether the transfer from smoothing iron to asphalt was advisable also asks what makes a good transportation network. Both transportation systems are valid, but unique features of American cities and cu lture made automobiles the erupt choice. Conspiracies of the powerful in the USA pale compared to the tyranny of the majority. Regardless of economic or social considerations, public demand made the key decisions in edifice the American transportation network. A transportation network must be judged for its embody-effectiveness. The American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) in 1952 made its tenet, that a kale should be returned on an investment applies as well to highway projects as to general business ventures.2 Cost-effectiveness includes safety, ease of use, and flexibility in the eyes of two the local government and individual users. Unfortunately, little or no supporting evidence3 exists and few studies compared the systems. Since no monetary value can be placed on human life, comparisons of safety are even fewer and less thorough. A simple account of accident records, however, is a good judge of safety. Studies of system costs, ont the other hand, are purel y monetary and more frequent. From the operators standpoint, costs break down to overhead and construction, maintenance of cars and lines, operation costs, and profits. From the users standpoint the only cost is the fare. Some considerations are particular to the town. Users must determine, first of all, whether it is even possible to go from one point to another. This is especially important for those who are not able to walk long distances. Riders must also decide whether the restrictions of a certain mode - say, timetables for trains, or driving laws - are acceptable.

Instructional and Behavioral Support Essay -- Education

Mrs. S. has a frameroom of 22 kindergarten students one student is a retention from last year. The classroom has an even split between boys and girls. The class has had a stable class roster since second quarter, only gaining one student, and losing two. This is unlike the other kindergarten classrooms at the school that have gained and lost many students all over the past few months. Four students atomic number 18 on speech IEPs, and the one new student was just recently placed on an IEP for math and sort concerns.The classroom is fairly diverse in both ability and racial makeup. While there are many Hispanic students in the class, there are also Caucasian, African American, American Indian, Korean. The classroom is comprised solely of English speaking only students. The class has nearly of the donnishally highest students in the grade, but also some of the lowest. The school itself is a Title 1 school, where all students receive free breakfast and lunch because so many studen ts qualify for free lunch tally to government standards. A few students receive food assistance to help the family get through the week terminuss. Mrs. S uses a color chart to help superintend her students behavior. Each fry has a clip with his or her name written on it. Each child starts their name off on green and moves up or down the chart depending on the choices that are made throughout the day. The colors are blue for excellent, green for good, yellow for type, orange for stop and think, and red for hot lava. At the end of the day each child has a communicator that is sent to and from home which gets marked with the end color of the day. This allows parents to see what kind of day their child had, and any quick notes from Mrs. S. This system of man... ...ications in her behavior plan, and academic expectations when needed. For the most part every child is treated the same, each held to a high level of behavioral excellence that most easily accomplish. By splitting the cl ass into groups based on academic need each student is given instruction at his or her level. Doing formal assessments on students frequently allows her to monitor each students board and take action if and when needed. Her students seem to not only do their best to please her, but also because they have become intrinsically motivated to always do the best they can, in both academics and behavior. Works CitedNational Center for Learning Disabilities. (2000). Early Identification Normal and Atypical Development. Retrieved April 4, 2012, from LD Online http//www.ldonline.org/article/Early_Identification_Normal_and_Atypical_Development

Lydia Marie Child Essay -- Research Papers

Lydia Marie Child Lydia Marie Child was natural on February 11, 1802 and died on October 20, 1880. During her life she wrote in many forms and on various topics, but Lydia was more than just a writer. She wrote short stories, biographies, science fiction, serialized fiction, childrens literature, historical novels and antislavery literature (Karcher 6). She was also a diarist and a feminist, and wrote about the American Revolution and Native Americans. She helped Harriot Jacobson escape slavery, encouraged reform and was an abolitionist. But, before she could help others, Lydia had to fight for her own right to advance and succeed. Lydia was born in Medford, Massachusetts, as the sixth and youngest child of Convers and Susannah Francis. Susannah died when Lydia was twelve, and she was sent to live with a married sister until the age of nineteen. Although Mr. Francis encouraged the intellectual advancement of his sons, he disheartened his daughter, Lydia, from her fondness for b ooks (Myerson 5). Lydia continued to read and learn, without her fathers encouragement or help, an...

Lydia Marie Child Essay -- Research Papers

Lydia Marie Child Lydia Marie Child was born on February 11, 1802 and died on October 20, 1880. During her life she wrote in many forms and on various topics, but Lydia was much than just a writer. She wrote short stories, biographies, science fiction, serialized fiction, childrens literature, historical novels and antislavery literature (Karcher 6). She was also a journalist and a feminist, and wrote about the American Revolution and internal Americans. She helped Harriot Jacobson escape slavery, encouraged reform and was an abolitionist. But, before she could help others, Lydia had to fight for her own right to advance and succeed. Lydia was born in Medford, Massachusetts, as the sixth and youngest child of Convers and Susannah Francis. Susannah died when Lydia was twelve, and she was direct to live with a married sister until the age of nineteen. Although Mr. Francis encouraged the intellectual advancement of his sons, he discouraged his daughter, Lydia, from her fondness fo r books (Myerson 5). Lydia continued to read and learn, without her fathers encouragement or help, an...